What is wrong with my Mercury Mystique?

[Kristen]

I have a 1999 Mercury Mystique and I hit a speedbump going too fast and my car quit. My dad reset the fuel pump shutoff switch and got me going, but the car was really rough idling and almost quit. Looking underneath, we found the wire harness going to the O2 sensor broken and repaired the wires. Still ran rough. I took my car to autozone to have the codes scanned and got the following codes...P0113 (IAT high), P0102 (MAS low), P0122 (TPS low), P0141 (o2 sensor circuit fail), P0171 (fuel/air mixture) P1383 (timing over retarded)

Did I actually cause all these components to fail? Could there still be bad wiring causing all the problems? Did it possibly jump time? I am a student and deliver pizzas for a living and need my car, but don't have a lot of money. Any words of wisdom would be appreciated...except of course slow down over bumps...Dad has wore that one out.